Operating principle, basic equipment, merits and applications of: Fusion welding processes: Gas welding - Types – Flame characteristics Manual metal arc welding – Gas Tungsten arc welding - Gas metal arc welding – Submerged arc welding – Electro slag welding Operating principle and applications of: Resistance welding - Plasma arc welding – Thermit welding – Electron beam welding – Friction welding and Friction Stir Welding Brazing and soldering Weld defects: types, causes and cure. Sand Casting : Sand Mould – Type of patterns - Pattern Materials – Pattern allowances –Moulding sand Properties and testing – Cores –Types and applications – Moulding machines– Types and applications Melting furnaces : Blast and Cupola Furnaces Principle of special casting processes : Shell - investment – Ceramic mould – Pressure die casting - Centrifugal Casting - CO2 process – Stir casting Defects in Sand casting
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